Salman Khan: “School should be more like summer camp”

“[The school] I imagine has much more open, collaborative workspaces. I imagine the students come in, and they work with their mentors. Their mentors will be both students, possibly older students or students who have shown maturity, and the master teachers. They will set goals. Based on those goals that they are trying to achieve, they have a rough allocation of how they might want to be spending their time. One day a student might want to go deep on trigonometry. Then, he or she might spend two weeks researching some problem in biology or writing a short story.”

– Salman Khan, founder of the online video tutorial site Khan’s Academy

The consensus is building for a new kind of school model! Check out this interview with Salman Khan from The Smithsonian.

Change our schools, or drug our students?

“I don’t have a whole lot of choice. We’ve decided as a society that it’s too expensive to modify the kid’s environment. So we have to modify the kid.”

– Dr. Michael Anderson, a pediatrician for low-income kids in Georgia on why he prescribes Adderal for ADD/ADHD in spite of his belief the disorder is “made up”

Colleagues, I’ve been simmering on an idea for the past couple of years and this morning when I read   the New York Times article containing the above quote from Dr. Anderson that simmer became a boil. The idea is this: school is so crushingly, cripplingly boring. Kids in desks in rows, bells, hour after hour of listening to an adult talk, whole days without going outside (or seeing daylight in some of the windowless schools I’ve been in!), silence while doing worksheets, silence while taking multiple choice exams, speaking to peers only during passing periods or when the teacher turns away . . . I know it isn’t always like this. Still, even the best teacher who’s classroom is dynamic and learner-centered is only functioning as one small piece of a student’s day.

Our’s is a system unfit for children who “can’t sit still” or “who lack focus” – they must be drugged. I recently re-watched Sir Ken Robinson’s TED talk “Do schools kill creativity?” (if you haven’t seen it, please, please take the next 20 minutes and have a look . . . he is so funny! so substantive!):

Although I am tempted to rant for a page or two about how deeply our students crave creative involvement in meaningful art I will save that reflection for another day. Let’s start for now with the structure of a typical school day.

Two years ago the administration at my school took a chance and let my colleagues and I implement something called Working Wednesday for our senior class. This involved not having regular period classes on Wednesdays and instead creating an individualized schedule for each student according to his or her needs. Some students had an entire day of flexible time during which they could work on independent projects and assignments while others had a carefully crafted schedule full of appointments with various teachers for one-on-one tutoring, college counseling sessions, ACT tutorial, and re-testing for failed exams. We also used Wednesday to visit our local library, conduct field research at a nearby lake and listen to guest speakers.

The additional advantage of a flexible schedule is it lets teachers take turns playing catch up. We would rotate tutorial and monitoring duties in such a way as to allow large blocks of time (way more than our usual hour planning period) to grade and plan. At the end of our first year implementing Working Wednesday we saw huge jumps in our student’s achievement. My students’ performance jumped from 32% passing in 2010-11 to 45% on the college-level IB History exam.

I have heard people say that if Rip Van Winkle awoke today from a 100 year sleep the only thing he would still recognize among the iPads, airplanes, cell phones, and internet connect laptops are schools – because they look and operate almost exactly the same as they did 100 years ago. We cannot afford another 100 years under the same system. We must change our schools and teachers, along with parents, must be the ones who demand the change.

How can we make our schools dynamic places of learning? How can we structure our classrooms so that rule-following and sitting still aren’t the qualities we reward most in our students?

Affirmative Action: “Unfinished Work”

 

The case being argued in front of the Supreme Court today is the result of a lawsuit brought by a white student, Abigail Fisher, who was denied admission to the University of Texas in 2008. That same year a young black woman, Tedra Jacobs, with a similar academic record as Fisher was accepted. My sister-in-law Sarah Garland (who is sitting inside the Supreme Court right now listening to arguments!) has a new article posted over at The Atlantic that looks at Jacobs’ story. She shows how affirmative action can be tremendously helpful as well as explores reasons why it does not always serve as the equalizer it was designed to be (click here to read it).

End of Affirmative Action? What you can do for your students today

Tomorrow the Supreme Court will hear oral arguments on what many believe will be the case that ends affirmative action as we know it in higher education. For those of us who teach students of color this could be a game changer in terms of who will and will not be admitted to universities in the future. I think affirmative action has played a critical role as an equalizing force in our country over the past several decades. Additionally, I know from experience racial diversity increases the richness of any educational experience. However I wonder if affirmative action has been saddled with too much hope and attention. There was a great op-ed piece this week in the New York Times that suggested beginning the work of racial equally at the collegiate level is too late. The author suggested those of us interested in closing the achievement gap begin as early as possible and consider factors beyond education like healthcare, nutrition, and home life.

Given the potential loss of affirmative action, what can we as teachers do today to help our students of color and from low-income backgrounds gain access to college? One of the most popular ways is to splash college paraphernalia – banners, flags, t-shirts, names, mascots, etc. – all over a school. I think this can be helpful but a more authentic way to do this is to promote and talk about the actual college you attended. I hung my matted and framed diploma in my classroom. I made it a point to talk about the activities and clubs I was involved with during college. I kept a copy of my honors thesis in my classroom and often forced students to read a chapter of it. I wore a t-shirt from my college on informal Fridays.

All of the above is becoming more and more standard. One of the most powerful ways I’ve seen to connect students to college is to take them to an actual college campus. Set up a tour, let them do research in the library, ask a professor if they can sit in on a lecture.

Beyond all of these surface connects, the absolute most important thing we can do to get our students started in the direction of college is to demand they do rigorous, college-preparatory work. Conduct socratic seminars and discussions around various texts and problems (even in math!). Assign expository essays that require research (even in art!). Require students to read demanding non-fiction texts (even in everything!). In addition to rigorous work make sure to take some time to build college level organizational skills like time management, productive stress relief, and systems for keeping track of notes and materials. What good have we done if we elevate students expectations about attending college and then do not prepare them for what they will encounter?

How are you preparing students for college?

The Texas Two-Smash: STAAR & Budget Cuts

No, that isn’t the US congressional building – it’s the Texas State Capitol (but Texas’ building is bigger, naturally)

This past year public schools in Texas were hit with the double whammy of a $5 billion dollar cut from education funds as well as the roll out of a new higher stakes testing system called STAAR. Under the new testing system students will be tested more frequently and for more subjects; additionally, results will be linked to promotion and graduation requirements. The exams were developed to align with new “College and Career” standards however from what I’ve seen these standards are a far cry from providing more conceptional learning rooted in critical thinking and strong literacy skills.

At the same time Texas has held off from applying for Race to the Top funds and only just submitted a waver for NCLB; however, many experts predict the waver will be denied due to it’s lack of compliance in terms of standards rigor and teacher evaluations. Add to this the fact Texas is one of only four states not adapting the Common Core Standards and it is sometimes easy to get a little down. Texas Tribune reporter Morgan Smith wrote a great article exploring the relationship between increased testing and decreased funding to teacher burnout (check it out here).

Because of the tight link between eduction and local control and funding Texans, and those living in other states, need to make sure we know how our representatives are voting on education. And so here’s a quick reminder for my fellow Texans: today is the last day to register to vote in Texas. Click here to get it done http://GottaRegister.com/

Making the most of parent-teacher relationships

There comes a moment for all teachers when we realize both the power and absolute horror of parent-teacher conferences. Jonny is misbehaving, we meet with his mom and the next day he is a delight – no problems ever again. Alternately, Jonny is misbehaving, we meet with his mom and completely understand why he is the way he his – Jonny’s behavior does not change and we are traumatized from the meeting.

This past Friday there was a great blog post at Education Week about how to have more meaningful parent-teacher conferences. The article is geared more towards elementary teachers but is well-worth reading even if you teach secondary students. But let’s be honest – the game changes when you have 130+ students instead of 30. Below are my top 5 tips on meeting with and leveraging parent relationships:

  1. Start off on the right foot: Identify 30 students who you know will either struggle with academic performance or behavior in your class and as soon as you possibly can call home with a positive message. Build your relationship with these parents by continuing to call home or send brief, positive notes home when things are going well. This way, you build up positive capital for when the time comes you need to make a phone call asking for a change in student behavior. Actually, I’ve often found that by building a positive relationship with parents I actually end up never having to make a difficult call because the student is so grateful to me for calling home with good news that they always behave and do their work in my class.
  2. Send home a classroom newsletter: Take a couple of pictures of your students doing something neat (a lab, performance, debate, presentation, etc.) and add to it a caption explaining what when on in class. Include upcoming test and project due dates as well as possible discussion questions to ask students (i.e. “Ask your student about what happened to Japanese-Americans living in the US during World War II”). The newsletter could be as short as 1/2 a page and could even be printed out on the back of weekly grade reports. If you really wanted to save time, assign a student the task of writing the newsletter for extra credit and then rotate the job from month to month.
  3. Physically meet your students’ parents: This should happen beyond just the traditional Back To School Meet the Teacher night. Some good ideas include: home visits, hosting an event at school like a concert or art show, attending sporting events and meeting the parents in the stands and after the game, and loitering around the pick-up area after school to see if you can stick your head in a car window or two and make a strategic connection.
  4. Hold individual parent-student conferences as a grade team: Some of the most transformative, positive meetings I’ve ever been a part of took place with a student, her parent/guardian and all 5 – 8 of the teachers she had in class. “Come on Abby!” you say, “When the heck do you do this?!?!” Great times are during lunch (because the meeting can’t go longer than 25 minutes) and right after school so the parent can take the student home afterwards. Here is one agenda the meeting could follow: every teacher goes around and quickly says something positive about the student, then one teacher sums up the 1 – 3 issues the student needs to address, the student is then given time to reflect on the root causes of these issues, the parent then comments on what she sees as the root causes, then the teachers, parent and student collectively agree on concerte steps everyone will take to ensure there is change. The meeting ends with one teacher agreeing to email and/or print notes from the meeting that summaries the issues, steps each party will take and a time/place when one or two teachers will follow up (either in person or on the phone) with the parent. I love group parent-teacher conferences!!
  5. Bring parents in to the classroom: Either literally as guest presenters, volunteers, observers or through take-home surveys. Surveys can be very helpful ways to gather information about students’ study habits as well as parent’s expectations for your subject.

What else can we do to ensure positive and productive parent-teacher relationships?

Helping students deal with test anxiety

In the era of high-stakes exams, our students must develop the ability to sit down, focus and perform on exams under timed conditions. I don’t know about you but I personally find test taking to be an incredibly intimidating task. Our students take exams with real implications for their promotion, their future college prospects, their placement in various academic tracks, and for college credit. It is no wonder many develop a tremendous, and often crippling, anxiety around testing.

I decided to tackle test anxiety after the first year I taught Advanced Placement World History to 10th grade students in La Joya, Texas. When students who passed our practice exams ended up getting scores of 2 on the real exam I was baffled – what the heck happened?!? I KNEW they knew the information and had the skills to be successful. “I just got so nervous Miss,” one said. “I couldn’t think straight and when I looked up I’d wasted 30 minutes so I just gave up,” said another. In my reflection and personal research that summer I dug into test anxiety causes and solutions. Here are some ideas I’ve used in my classroom in the 5 years since to help students reach their top performance on high-pressure exams:

  • Develop a pre-exam relaxation routine: (see picture above) Before every exam and/or quiz I would lead students through the routine listed on the poster. We began by standing up and stretching in order to 1) get the blood flowing and 2) activate both sides of the brain by doing some cross body reaching and moving. The next part involves success visualization which is a strategy used by world class altheles like Michael Jordan and Tiger Woods. It involves seeing yourself be successful at whatever task you about about to do (ex. make a free-throw or putt a ball into the hole) and mentally accessing a place of calm (often mocked as “going to your special place” but it works!). Breathing is also a key part of successful relaxation and is closely linked to posture. I teach students to sit up straight and take deep breaths as they take an exam. This way, they are fully oxygenating their brains by breathing with full lung capacity. When you slump or slouch you sort of crumple or fold your lungs which hinders your ability to take a full breath.
  • Practice using real testing conditions: If the exam is timed then time almost everything else you do in class. Use the paper, font and headings (if you can) that the exam will use – make your practice exams look as close to possible like the real exam.
  • Teach students the procedural part of the exam a least a month before testing day: What will happen in the morning when they arrive at school? What forms will they need to fill out? What does the answer document look like? Often it is during the time right before the exam when students work themselves up – empower them by giving them a very clear idea of what will actually happen before, during and after the exam. This allows students to feel like they know what’s going on even before their knowledge is being tested.
  • Give them a strategy for what to do if they become frustrated: I have students stop and breath as well as check their posture. Another good idea is to take a drink of water from a bottle (if allowed) or pop in a mint or piece of gum. Draw a star next to the confusing question and come back to it after a few more questions or at the end.
  • Constantly send and reenforce the message “If you work hard, you can do this.” Students need to believe they have what it takes to be successful in order to even attempt to study or learn material. I explicitly teach my belief that the brain is like a muscle – if you work out you get stronger – if you stick with something difficult, you will understand it better in the end. I teach lessons on role models who showed resilience and I cover the classroom in quotes that underscore the importance of working hard. However, it is also important to teach students the difference between trying hard and effective effort.

What do you do to help students with testing anxiety?

 

Ms. Thompson’s Classroom

The classroom tour is back this week with the amazing Heather Thompson! I met Heather two years ago when we both worked the same summer job. I immediately gravitated towards her because she’s an incredibly knowledgable educator and she’s an all around fun person. Our coolest connection is that we taught about 5 or 6 of the same students; Heather had them in 1st grade and then I taught them in 12th grade. In addition to being a great teacher, Heather also writes the funny (and helpful!) fashion blog Regular People Wear Their Clothes. She and another fellow teacher take pictures of their outfits everyday, write a highly readable reflection and post sourcing information. I’ve written about their blog in a past post about what teachers should wear and I highly recommend checking out their site. I am so excited to share her dynamic classroom today, thanks Heather!

My classroom door is a little dark and uninviting, so here’s a picture of me in the classroom library instead. This is where the magic happens anyway! Welcome to third grade!

Where do you teach? Oakland, CA.

Who are your students? The student population at my school is primarily low-income and English language learning. Our school’s instructional program values and focuses on critical thinking skills and curiosity. We have a very stable school community with low student turnover, so most of the students have been at the school since Kindergarten. This means that by third grade they are amazingly deep thinkers.  My class this year is also very creative and artistic.

What do you teach? I teach third and fourth grade.

This is one of two bulletin boards at the front of my classroom. I use this one for vocabulary and book recommendations. You can see that a lot of the recommended books have been checked out by other students! The vocabulary is organized on posters by subject, so I can easily swap the posters out depending on what lesson I’m teaching.

We’re lucky to have giant windows in our classrooms. A lot of teachers cover them with posters or put furniture in front of them. I understand this, since wall space is at a premium, but my aesthetic sensibilities have over-ruled my desire to be able to keep posters up. Instead, I hang student work from the windowsill. (It’s magnetic!) And yes, we have pet birds. Word to the wise: birds are much easier classroom pets than hamsters or turtles. I should know—I’ve tried all three.

Don’t worry, someone made a portrait of me, too

Describe your teaching style in one word. I would describe my teaching style as “professorial.” We definitely have fun, but I also really try to help students develop the habit of thinking carefully and thoroughly about each task they do.

What is your go-to literacy strategy? Reading notebooks (see below)

We also use a notebook for most of our reading assignments. I love reading notebooks! My students write a short entry (1-2 sentences) every day, and then on Fridays they write me a letter about what they’ve been reading that week. I write them back over the weekend, and on Monday their entry is a response to me. When I grade their notebooks, I give grades based on the quality of their entries, and I also keep a running list of who has demonstrated understanding of key learning targets. For example, this student is starting to show an understanding of theme, although it’s not solid yet.

Here’s an example of a social studies reading assignment. We read and annotated the passage together. I always integrate reading and content whenever possible! Because my class loves art, we also do a lot of reading and sketching to help us visualize. *Abby’s Note: Annotating primary sources in 3rd grade = Common Core compliance and general butt-kicking awesomeness

How do you motivate your students? I try to set goals that help us compete against ourselves and celebrate improvement, rather than goals for absolute mastery, which can feel scary to kids who are struggling. I assess student reading levels each month, and when they grow a level they color in a square on the reading level chart.  For the math goal, I add up how many correct answers the students get on a pre-test, and then figure out how many answers we would need to get correct if everyone grew 20 percentage points.

To help students learn what it takes to reach a goal, I start every year with a group game we call “Animal Toss.” It’s a bit complicated, but basically it involves throwing multiple stuffed animals around at the same time while trying not to drop them. We set a goal for how many animals we can get going simultaneously, and then practice every day. After the game we talk about what we did to get us closer to the goal, and what we still need to work on. When we finally reach the goal (it took us four weeks this year—not gonna lie, I was starting to wonder), we write a paragraph about how to reach goals.

What is your favorite way to check for understanding? I am constantly assessing my students. As a multiple subject teacher, it’s especially hard to keep 4 or 5 assignments a day organized.  Here are my two best organization tips (see below):

When students turn work in, they turn it in to a folder labeled with the subject area. This way at the end of the day I just pick up the folders, and all the work is organized by assignment. If someone turns something in late, they just find the correct folder and put it in, which saves me a lot of time. Most ongoing work is kept in a notebook. Third graders have a hard time keeping track of papers, so if things are glued down they can easily refer back to them. Additionally, I know that if I need to look back at a student’s work, it will be in the notebook.

Classroom rules, signed by all students.

Romney: A weaker federal government . . . except in education?

As a social studies teacher, there are few things I love more than the presidential debates. I love that the challenger can stand on the same stage as the leader of the free world and make snarky comments! I love how the audience promises to be silent! I love the procedure of it – the moderator uses a timer! The candidates have notes! The questions are not released before hand! In the era of canned sound bites and identical stump speeches (seriously, check it out) it is enormously refreshing to hear the candidates speak about domestic issues without teleprompters or handlers. We know what Obama would do with education because, in some way or another, we have all felt the impact of Race To The Top and NCLB wavers over the past four years. Let’s take a deeper look at Romney’s ideas on education.

First of all, they’re pretty similar to the president’s. Romney praised the work of Arnie Duncan in last night’s debate and expressed his support for the work the Department of Education has done with “raising the bar” for states and local school districts by providing incentives at the federal level. However, he was also adamant about the key role state and local government play in making decisions about schools. Romney suggested a few different ideas but let’s look at two: 1) federal funding “following” students from one school to another and 2) grading schools, as Florida under Jeb Bush did, on an A – F scale inorder to “give parents options for their kids.”

We have a decentralized education system in the United States. In the same way local government, often school boards, are the main decision-makers for US schools, state and local governments also raise most of their schools’ funds. Only about 10 cents of every dollar spent on schools actually comes from the federal government. Additionally, federal funds – unlike state and local funds – are given out on a per student basis. Federal monies are often attached to specific programs like Title 1 or legislation like IDEA and therefore those funds would be really difficult to tease out on a student by student basis. This gets tricky because federal funds are more frequently linked to students with special needs or circumstances (disabilities, poverty, ELL, etc.) – students are not receiving equal amounts of money from the federal government. Typically this isn’t a problem: a student with Down syndrome has very specific needs that make her more expensive to educate than her classmates without IEPs. While this is certainly not equal it is fair; it make sense. But what happens to the special education teacher that supports the student with Down syndrome on a one-to-one basis when another child’s parents in the same school choose to move him to a school across town? As someone who has spent 7 of my 10 years in a charter school I am certainly for some school choice, but I think money must be moved at a local, not federal, level.

I am also extremely wary of a federal grading system for schools. I deeply believe parents and students should be the evaluators of the education they receive (see my reflection on teacher evaluation and the possible role of parents here). While districts and potentially states might be able to release comparisons of various schools within their jurisdictions, comparing across state lines in a simplified letter grade system seems like creating a letter grade system for athletes across all sports. Lebron James and Gabby Douglas are both world class athletes but for hugely different reasons and in vastly different sports. Can you image one rubric that would effectively encompass all of what makes them exceptional at their respective sports? And now consider one rubric for all schools across the United States. Would the grade be linked to test scores? If so, which tests? ACT or SAT? Then what does that mean if my kid is in elementary and I want to know if my daughter’s teacher is any good?

What I find so surprising about Romney’s proposals is how much they rely on the power of the federal government. He’s a Republican for petesake! What happened to returning power to the states? I certainly think the federal government can play an important role in raising the bar for states who are reluctant to takle education reform – as Race To The Top did and as Common Core implementation will – but that role should be limited. Let’s leave funding and evaluation largely in the control of the people who have the most to gain or lose from their children’s schools.

What if teachers ran their own PD?

“How many billions of dollars of public money have we spent on motivational speakers, experts, and “learning experiences” for teachers? And what good has it done? What results do we have to show? Nothing.”

– Mayor Michael Bloomberg, at Education Nation

One of the skills teachers quickly learn to master is that of appearing to pay attention during professional development while actually grading papers, or inputting grades, or writing lesson plans, or creating handouts, or any number of tasks that are 100 times more pressing than listening to a presenter read her power point slide after Comic Sans font slide. Who hasn’t been asked a question out of the blue? You look up from your 2nd period quizzes, meet the eyes of the presenter and watch a little smile spread across her face – “Gotch ya.” Indeed.

If you’re anything like me, you’ve attended some (LOTS!) of not-so-amazing PD sessions. What if teachers could create, run and then choose what sessions to attend? This is the gist of the idea behind what is called EdCamp, a “non-conference” run by teachers and for teachers that centers around the main belief that teachers (not venders or PD companies looking to make a quick buck) have knowledge worth sharing with each other. Check out this provocative article from Harvard’s Education Letter to read more about EdCamp.